In general, PCB board design can be divided into two broad categories—those that most noticeably affect the static or dc operation of the circuit, and those that most noticeably affect dynamic or ac circuit operation, especially at high frequencies.
Le processus de rétro-ingénierie des cartes de circuits imprimés (PCB) comprend généralement l’examen physique des cartes de circuits imprimés électroniques, à l’aide de divers outils et techniques tels que l’imagerie à rayons X, des microscopes et des sondes pour identifier et documenter les composants et leurs emplacements, également appelé liste de nomenclature. et créez le fichier Gerber, le dessin de mise en page et le diagramme schématique.
Another very broad area of PCB board design is the topic of grounding. Grounding is a problem area in itself for all analog and mixed signal designs, and it can be said that simply implementing a PCB based circuit doesn’t change the fact that proper techniques are required.
Fortunately, certain principles of quality grounding, namely the use of ground planes, are intrinsic to the PCB board design environment. This factor is one of the more significant advantages to reverse engineering PCB based analog designs, and appreciable discussion of this section is focused on this issue.
تتضمن عملية الهندسة العكسية للوحة الدوائر المطبوعة (PCB) عادةً الفحص المادي لألواح PCB الإلكترونية، باستخدام أدوات وتقنيات مختلفة مثل التصوير بالأشعة السينية والمجاهر والمسابير لتحديد وتوثيق المكونات ومواقعها والتي تسمى أيضًا قائمة BOM ، وقم بإنشاء ملف Gerber ورسم التخطيط والرسم التخطيطي.
Some other aspects of grounding that must be managed include the control of spurious ground and signal return voltages that can degrade performance. These voltages can be due to external signal coupling, common currents, or simply excessive IR drops in ground conductors. Proper conductor routing and sizing, as well as differential signal handling and ground isolation techniques enables control of such parasitic voltages.
